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Tested once (Linux, TS SDK 1.32.1): -32000 means your stdio server exited early. Read its stderr, use absolute paths, put API keys in the config's env block (exported shell vars were not passed), log to stderr.

Tested fixes for 'spawn npx ENOENT' / 'spawn node ENOENT' on stdio MCP servers: PATH in GUI apps, env PATH overrides, a missing cwd that gives the same error, npx that can't find node, and the Windows cmd /c fix.

Tested (TS SDK 1.32.1, Python mcp 2.3.0 and 1.30.0): what console.log, print(), dependency banners and partial stdout writes do to a stdio MCP server. Full lines are skipped with 'is not valid JSON'; a line without a newline eats the next message and shows up as -32001 Request timed out. Verified fi

Tested (TS SDK 1.32.1, Python mcp 2.3.0/1.30.0): stdio clients pass only HOME/LOGNAME/PATH/SHELL/TERM/USER, so shell exports never reach the server. env merges with defaults, PATH override breaks spawn, ${VAR} stays literal, dotenv reads the client's cwd, null becomes the string 'null', bash -c skip

Tested with Docker 26.1.5, Python mcp 1.30.0/2.3.0 and TS SDK 1.32.2 clients: what docker run without -i, with -it, with -t only, -e NAME without env, a wrong image, --name without --rm and a stopped daemon print; the docker run -i --rm config that works; which cases leave containers running; and wh